About Syria's Flag
- Green: Symbolizes hope, growth, and the Islamic heritage of the Rashidun Caliphate.
- White: Represents peace and the Umayyad era, when Damascus was the capital.
- Black: Reflects historical struggle and the Abbasid Caliphate.
- Three Red Stars: Stand for Damascus, Aleppo, and Deir ez-Zor, and also symbolize freedom, dignity, and justice. Their red color honors the martyrs' sacrifice for Syria’s freedom.
The Flag of Syria
This is the official flag of Syria following liberation from the former regime, widely known as the Flag of Independence or the Flag of the Syrian Revolution. It was first adopted in 1932 during the period of the First Syrian Republic after the end of the French mandate, and remained in use officially until 1958. It was later re-adopted by the Syrian opposition in 2011, at the onset of the revolution against the former regime, as a symbol of return to Syria’s original national identity prior to authoritarian rule. Following the success of the Syrian revolution, it was officially reinstated as the national flag.
The flag consists of three equal horizontal stripes:
- Green on the top
- White in the middle
- Black on the bottom
The white stripe is centered with three red five-pointed stars aligned horizontally.
Symbolism of the Colors
- Green: Represents the Rashidun Caliphate, and symbolizes hope, growth, and Syria’s Arab and Islamic heritage.
- White: Stands for peace and purity, and refers to the prosperous Umayyad Caliphate, which had Damascus as its capital.
- Black: Represents periods of oppression and struggle in Syria’s history, and also symbolizes the Abbasid Caliphate.
The Three Red Stars
- Represent the three major Syrian regions that formed the foundation of the modern Syrian state at independence: Damascus, Aleppo, and Deir ez-Zor.
- Alternatively, they also symbolize the values of the Syrian Revolution: freedom, dignity, and justice.
- Their red color commemorates the blood of the martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the nation’s freedom.
National Significance
This flag reflects Syria’s pre-union national identity, rooted in freedom and independence. Since 2011, it has become the most prominent symbol of the Syrian Revolution, embodying the collective dream of a new, free, democratic Syria for all its people.